In M. polymorpha, Mp PIN1 influences development in numerous ways throughout its life cycle. Overexpression of Mp PIN1 can partially complement loss of an orthologous gene, PIN-FORMED1, in Arabidopsis.In M. polymorpha, gene expression and protein localisation were tracked using an Mp PIN1 transgene encoding a translationally fused fluorescent protein. To characterise MpPIN1, we created loss-of-function alleles and produced complementation lines in both M. polymorpha and Arabidopsis.Marchantia polymorpha possesses a single PIN-FORMED gene, whose protein product is predicted to be plasma membrane-localised, Mp PIN1. We provide the first characterisation of PIN proteins in liverworts using Marchantia polymorpha as a model system. PIN-FORMED auxin efflux transporters, a subclass of which is plasma membrane-localised, mediate a variety of land-plant developmental processes via their polar localisation and subsequent directional auxin transport.
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